CDC recommends typhoid vaccination for travelers to many Asian, African, and Latin American countries, but, as of 2010, no longer recommends typhoid vaccine for travelers to certain Eastern European and Asian countries ( 7) the most recent pre-travel vaccination guidelines are available at. Even short-term travel to high-incidence areas is associated with risk for typhoid fever ( 6). Most travelers (≥55%) reported that their reason for travel was visiting friends or relatives ( 5). Patients with untreated typhoid fever were reported to have case-fatality rates >10% ( 3) the overall case-fatality rate with early and appropriate antibiotic treatment is typically 75% of travelers had been in India, Bangladesh, or Pakistan ( 5). When serious complications (e.g., intestinal hemorrhage or perforation) occur, it is generally after 2–3 weeks of illness. Malaise, headache, and anorexia are nearly universal. The incubation period is 6–30 days, and illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and fever. It is most commonly acquired from water or food contaminated by the feces of an infected person. Enteric fever can be severe and even life-threatening. Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B (tartrate negative), and Paratyphi C cause a protracted bacteremic illness referred to respectively as typhoid and paratyphoid fever, and collectively as enteric fever. They also include an update on the epidemiology of enteric fever in the United States, focusing on increasing drug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, as well as the emergence of Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A, a cause of paratyphoid fever, against which typhoid vaccines offer little or no protection. These revised recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices update recommendations published in MMWR in 1994 ( 1) and include updated information on the two currently available vaccines and on vaccine safety. Jackson, MD 1, Shahed Iqbal, PhD 2, Barbara Mahon, MD 1 (Author affiliations at end of text) If you notice other side effects that you think are caused by this medicine, tell your doctor Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.Updated Recommendations for the Use of Typhoid Vaccine - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015īrendan R. If you notice these less serious side effects, talk with your doctor: Pain, redness, swelling, tenderness or a lump under your skin where the shot is given.Allergic reaction: Itching or hives, swelling in your face or hands, swelling or tingling in your mouth or throat, chest tightness, trouble breathing.Possible Side Effects While Using This Medicine: Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these side effects: This vaccine will not treat the symptoms if you already have typhoid fever. Typhoid vaccine may not protect everyone who receives it.Tell your doctor if you had an allergic reaction to other vaccines. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you have a fever, infection, or a weak immune system. Tell your doctor if you are receiving any treatment that weakens the immune system, including cancer medicine, radiation treatment, or a steroid. Some medicines can affect how this vaccine works.A nurse or other health provider will give you this medicine.ĭrugs and Foods to Avoid: Ask your doctor or pharmacist before using any other medicine, including over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. This medicine is given as a shot into one of your muscles.
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